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Catch-22
Explosive, subversive, wild and funny, 50 years on the novel's strength is undiminished. Reading Joseph Heller's classic satire is nothing less than a rite of passage. Set in the closing months of World War II, this is the story of a bombardier named Yossarian who is frantic and furious because thousands of people he has never met are trying to kill him. His real problem is not the enemy - it is his own army which keeps increasing the number of missions the men must fly to complete their service. If Yossarian makes any attempts to excuse himself from the perilous missions then he is caught in Catch-22: if he flies he is crazy, and doesn't have to; but if he doesn't want to he must be sane and has to. That's some catch...
Why it's similar
Both are seminal anti-war novels that employ dark satire, absurdism, and non-linear chronology to expose the irrationality of World War II and institutional power.
What's different
Heller grounds his story strictly in bureaucratic military madness and circular logic, whereas Vonnegut incorporates sci-fi elements like alien abduction and time travel to process trauma.